Acids
*Acids are those compounds
which gives Hydrogen ions (H+ ion) in aqueous solutions.
For example-
HCl --------> H+ + Cl`
(aq) (aq) (aq)
* Acids are those compounds which makes hydronium ions in aqueous solutions.
For example-
HCl --------> H+ + Cl`
(aq) (aq) (aq)
H+ + H2O -------> H3O+
(Hydronium ion)
* Acids are those compounds which is reacts with bases and form salts and water.
For example-
NaOH + HCl -------> NaCl +H2O
(Base) (Acid) (Salt) (Water)
* Acids are those compounds which are sour in taste.
For example- citric acid , lactic acid etc.
*Organic acids and mineral acids-
(1)Organic acids- The acids present in plant materials and animals are called organic acids.
For example- Acetic acid, formic acid etc.
(2)Inorganic acids- The acids prepared from the minerals of the earth are called mineral acids.
For example- HCl, H2SO4 , HNO3 etc.
*Strong acids and weak acids-
(1) Strong acids- The acids which gives maximum number of the Hydrogen ions in the aqueous solutions are called strong acids.
All the mineral acids are strong acids.( Exception Carbonic acid)
For example- HCl, H2SO4 , HNO3 etc.
(2)Weak acids- The acids which gives minimum number of the Hydrogen ions in the aqueous solutions are called weak acids.
All the Organic acids are weak acids.
For example- citric acid, lactic acid etc.
*Concentrated acids and Dilute acids-
(1) Concentrated acids- A concentrated acid is one which contains the minimum possible amount of water in it.
(2) Dilute acids- A dilute acid is one which contains much more of water in it.
Properties of acids-
(1) Acids have a sour taste.
(2) Acids turn blue litmus to red.
(3) Acid solutions conduct electricity.
(4) Acids reacts with metals to form hydrogen gas.
Zn + H2SO4 ------> ZnSO4 + H2
(5) Acids reacts with metal carbonates and metal hydrogen carbonates to form carbon dioxide ( CO2) gas.
Na2CO3 + 2HCl ------> 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O
(6) Acids reacts with bases to form salts and water.
NaOH + HCl ------> NaCl + H2O
(7) Acids reacts with metal oxides to form salts and water.
CuO + 2HCl ------> CuCl2 + H2O
(8) Acids have corrosive nature.