Nomenclature of Haloalkanes

Nomenclature of Haloalkanes

The name of the haloalkanes are given by two different ways-

(1)Trivial or common system-

In this system haloalkanes are known as Alkyl halide.

       There nomenclature are performed by the adding halide word in the given alkyl group. In this system the name of the compound is written in the two different words.
   For example-
    CH3-Cl          (Methyl chloride)
CH3-CH2-Br     (ethyl bromide)                    

Prifixes of the different types of alkyl group-

(a) prefix- n

The means of prefix-n is normal. This is used in the straight chain of the Alkyl group.
 For example-

 CH3-CH2-CH2-Br                          (n-propyl bromide)


(b) prefix- iso

Prefix-iso is used for those Alkyl group in which methyl (--CH3) branch is present in the last of the chain.
For example-

CH3-CH-Br

         |

         CH3
  (Isopropyl bromide)


(c) prefix- neo


Prefix-neo is used for those Alkyl group in which two methyl (--CH3) group is attached in the last of the chain by a single carbon atom.
For example-

         CH3
         |
CH3-C-Br

         |

         CH3
  (neo butyl bromide)

(2) I.U.P.A.C. system-

In this system the monohalogen derivatives of the alkane is written as haloalkane.
For the naming of haloalkanes, fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo prefix is writes before the longest carbon chain.
   The numbering is starts from the nearest halogen atom of the chain.
   The I.U.P.A.C. name of the haloalkanes is always writes in a single word.
  For example-

  CH3-CH-CH2-Br
           |
           CH3
   (1-bromo-2-methylpropane)



         CH3
         |
CH3-C-CH2-CH2-I
         |
         CH3
   (1-iodo-3,3-dimethylbutane)